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H3a – Slope steppes on stony ground:
Closed, medium high, species rich, dry steppes, dominated by grasses with narrow leaves. The habitat is almost treeless and is bound to solid (calcareous or silicate) bedrock. The minimal cover of the grass layer is 50%. Most important dominant grass species: Festuca rupicola, F. valesiaca, F. pseudodalmatica, Bromus inermis, Stipa spp. Despite their shallow stony soil, the real species connecting to rocks and rocky soils are missing, or they are rare. This habitat covers almost 9500 ha in the country. Its distribution can be explained by soil (stony, shallow soils with rock debris) and climatic characteristics (southern aspect, warm, dry meso- and microclimate). Accordingly, it is a colline and montane habitat on solid bedrock, the centre of the distribution is in the Dunántúli- and the Északi-középhegység (5500 ha and approx. 3500 ha). It is frequent in all mountain parts of the Dunántúli-középhegység, but not everywhere in the Északi-középhegység (it is rare in its hilly part: Cserehát, Heves-Borsodi-dombság). Slope steppes can be found with smaller extension in the mountains of Dunántúli-dombság (300 ha, Mecsek, Villányi-hegység), and there are sporadic occurrences in the northern part of Nyugat-Dunántúl. In the Dunántúli-középhegység it creates mosaic with, or transition to dry dolomite grasslands that are rich in rock grassland species (H2, G2). In this way, the total area of dry grasslands and steppes of rocky soils can exceed 10000 ha.
Molnár, Zs., M. Biró, J. Bölöni & F. Horváth (2008): Distribution of the (semi-)natural habitats in Hungary I.: Marshes and grasslands, Acta Botanica Hungarica 50 (Suppl): 59-105. >>> letöltés (5,4 MB, PDF)
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